Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. It is an umbrella term that encompasses diseases including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, and more. Some major types of CVD include:
Coronary artery disease (CAD) - Buildup of plaque in the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle. This can cause angina or heart attack.
Cerebrovascular disease - Disease of blood vessels supplying the brain. A common condition is stroke.
Heart failure - When the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to meet the body's needs. Both sides of the heart can fail.
Some risk factors for CVD include high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, smoking, family history, poor diet, physical inactivity, and high cholesterol. Men aged over 45 and women over 55 are at increased risk. Ethnicity also plays a role.
Nearly half of all deaths in Europe and the United States are caused by CVD. Early detection is key. Treatments range from lifestyle changes and medications to medical procedures and surgery in advanced cases.
In summary:
Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent but also largely preventable through healthy lifestyle choices. Work with your physician to reduce modifiable risk factors. Consider hormone optimization to support heart health. Small changes can make a big difference!